Lokasi Program Borobudur-Yogyakarta-Prambanan

Atraksi

KEY  TOURISM  AREAS  IN  JOGLOSEMAR –  THE  “YOGYAKARTA –

BOROBUDUR – PRAMBANAN-BOKO” TRIANGLE

  A. THE BOROBUDUR CLUSTER: BOROBUDUR TEMPLE, PAWON TEMPLE AND MENDUT TEMPLE (KAB. MAGELANG, KEC. BOROBUDUR & KEC. MUNGKID)

The Borobudur Temple Compound consists of three monuments, namely the Temple of Borobudur and two smaller temples (Mendut Temple and Pawon Temple) located to the east on a straight axis to the main temple.

The Borobudur Temple Compound has been a UNESCO World Heritage Site since 1991. Apart from its magnificent scale, Borobudur has significant historical, cultural and religious values. The temple was designed in Javanese Buddhist architecture, which blends the Indonesian indigenous cult of ancestor worship and the Buddhist concept of attaining Nirvana. The temple also demonstrates the influences of Gupta art that reflects India's influence on the region, yet there are enough indigenous scenes and elements incorporated to make Borobudur uniquely Indonesian. It is also an outstanding example of Indonesia’s art and architecture from between the early 8th  and late 9th  centuries that exerted considerable influence on an architectural revival between the mid-13th and early 16th centuries. Until today, Borobudur is still used for pilgrimage. Once a year, Buddhists in Indonesia celebrate Vesak (Buddha Day) at the monument.

Built in the early 9th century AD, the Mendut Temple, a rectangular temple with multi-storied roofs decorated with small stupas is located 3 kilometers east of Borobudur Temple. It is the oldest among the three temples.

Pawon Temple, is situated between the other two temples, and is also built during the Sailendra dynasty (8th–9th  centuries). The name Pawon literally means kitchen (Javanese Language) which is derived from the root word Awu or dust. The connection to the word dust also suggests that this temple was probably built as a tomb or mortuary temple for the king. In the contemporary era during the full moon in May or June, Buddhists in Indonesia observe Vesak annual ritual by walking from Mendut passing through Pawon to Borobudur.

FIGURE 6: IMAGES OF BOROBUDUR, PAWON AND MENDUT TEMPLES


 FIGURE 8: MAP OF BOROBUDUR

BUKIT RHEMA & PUNTHUK SETUMBU

Besides the key attractions of the three distinctive temples, there are some surrounding attractions that are frequently visited by visitors of Borobudur. These attractions include.

·      Punthuk Setumbu: a sunrise spot with Mount Merapi and Mount Merbabu as the background and the view of Borobudur from above - 5 kilometers from Borobudur; and

·      Bukit Rhema: an abandoned prayer house for a view of Borobudur surrounded by mountains - 4 kilometers from Borobudur.

Bukit Rhema became popular because of its unique design as a ‘chicken church’ and the panoramic views. It was built by a man called Daniel Alamsjah in 1990 after he had a “vision from God” to build a prayer house on top of a hill. Both Punthuk Setumbu and Bukit Rhema have become even more popular among local visitors after they were featured in the popular Indonesian movie Ada Apa Dengan Cinta 2 (AADC 2).

FIGURE 12: IMAGES OF PUNTHUK SETUMBU AND BUKIT RHEMA



SURROUNDING CULTURAL VILLAGES

In addition to the above attractions, there is an increasing number of cultural village tours around Borobudur which we believe have tremendous potential to distinguish the Borobudur area from other heritage or religious destinations across the country or even across the globe. There are around 20 villages surrounding the Borobudur Temple, each unique in its own way, distinguished by the specialties and cultural practices of the villagers.

 FIGURE: LOCATION AND ACTIVITIES IN CANDIREJO VILLAGE

Visitors going on these village tours can see traditional art performances, visit home industries such as pottery and tofu making and at the same time enjoy the beautiful rural landscape. These tours are usually organized on push bike or traditional ‘Andong’ (horse-drawn passenger cart). Visitors visit the villages assisted by a tour guide through several predetermined routes which are flexible depending on the situation, time availability and the visitors’ preferences.

B. THE PRAMBANAN-BOKO CLUSTER (KAB. SLEMAN, KEC. PRAMBANAN & KAB. KLATEN, KEC. PRAMBANAN)

PRAMBANAN

Prambanan Temple is the largest Hindu temple of ancient Java, and the first building was completed in the mid-9th century. The temples collapsed during a major earthquake in the 16th century and were abandoned. It was rediscovered in 1811 during British occupation under Sir Thomas Stamford Raffles, who also rediscovered Borobudur. In 1918, the Dutch began reconstruction of the compound and proper restoration began only in 1930. It was listed as a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 1991 together with Borobudur.

It should be noted that there is a popular Ramayana Ballet at Prambanan which has run since 1961. The performance is held in an open theatre in the Prambanan Temple Complex at nights during the dry season (and indoors during the wet season). The dance and uniform portray the Javanese tradition and culture and is a popular night activity.

 
Gambar Atraksi dan Fasilitas di Prambanan

Museum Prambanan terletak di antara Candi Siwa dan Candi Lumbung. Museum ini dibangun dengan gaya arsitektur tradisional Jawa. Koleksi museum terdiri dari berbagai batu candi dan patung yang ditemukan di sekitar lokasi candi Prambanan, misalnya patung banteng Nandi, Agastya Rishi, Siwa, Wishnu, Garuda, dan patung Durga Mahisasuramardini; itu juga termasuk batu Lingga Siwa suci, simbol kesuburan.

RATU BOKO

In Javanese, Ratu Boko means "Stork King". Located 3 kilometers from Prambanan. The history of Ratu Boko is unclear, and much of what is understood about the site comes from inscriptions and folklore.

A mix of Buddhist and Hindu structures are found in the complex, including the Buddhist Dyani Budha, Stupika, Terakota Tablet, and a gold and silver plaque with a Buddhist inscription.  There are also three small Hindu temples, as well as Yoni, a Durga statue, a Ganesha statue and a plaque with an inscription to Rudra, the other name for the god Shiva.

FIGURE: IMAGES AND LOCATIONS OF PRAMBANAN TEMPLE AND RATU BOKO

Ada beberapa peluang wisata lain sejauh ini di TDA, meskipun pemerintah daerah dan masyarakat telah proaktif dalam mengembangkannya. Ada 6 Desa Wisata di TDA: Kebondalem Kidul dan Bugisan di Kec. Prambanan-Klaten, dan Plempoh/Bokoharjo, Nawung, Rumah Domes dan Sambirejo di Kec. Prambanan-Sleman.

Selain di Kompleks Situs Warisan Budaya Candi Prambanan, sebagian besar wisata arkeologi di Kec. Prambanan-Sleman berada di sekitar candi Ratu Boko, Banyunibo, Barong, dan Ijo. Candi-candi ini terletak di atau dekat dua desa, Bokoharjo dan Sambirejo, tetapi sekali lagi ada sedikit upaya untuk mengembangkan narasi atau rute (berjalan kaki, dengan sepeda atau mobil) untuk menunjukkan sejarah dan tujuan dari candi-candi ini. Sebagian besar daerah di sekitar candi terdiri dari tanah pertanian (terutama sawah) atau dalam kasus candi di daerah perbukitan (Ratu Boko dan Candi Ijo) dengan ladang tanaman bertingkat dan hutan rakyat campuran

Sambirejo juga merupakan rumah bagi atraksi paling populer ke-2 di daerah itu setelah Prambanan WHS—Tebing Breksi. Bekas tambang batu kapur ini ditutup oleh pemerintah daerah pada tahun 2014. Setelah program persiapan intensif selama setahun yang melibatkan seniman lokal dari Yogyakarta dalam mengukir patung, relief dan tangga ke tebing batu kapur, Tebing Breksi dibuka oleh Sultan Yogyakarta pada bulan Mei. 2015 dan sekarang menjadi tujuan yang tumbuh cepat.



C. THE YOGYAKARTA CLUSTER

Yogyakarta is one of the most attractive cities in Java and Indonesia. It offers a mix of attractions that covers cultural and historical aspects (The Kraton, Kota Gede, Water Castle, etc), shopping (the famous Malioboro shopping street and various shopping centers) and a wide range of restaurants.

FIGURE: Peta objek wisata utama di TDA Yogyakarta

KRATON (PALACE) OF YOGYAKARTA

The Kraton is not only a residence for the king and his family, it is also a living museum that centers around Javanese culture. At the Palace, visitors can learn and see directly how the Javanese culture continues to live and be preserved.

It is a popular attraction surrounded by the old streets of Yogyakarta. Within the Palace there are glass boxed collections of antiquities ranging from ceramics and glassware, weapons, photographs, miniatures and replicas, to batik cloths and tools from batik manufacturing. There are also a variety of performances such as macapat, puppet shows, shadow puppets, and dances.

Objek wisata utama di daerah Kraton meliputi:

  1. Istana Sultan, atau Kraton, adalah titik fokus kota berdinding dan jantung budaya dan politik Yogyakarta. Objek wisata yang populer baik dengan wisatawan domestik dan internasional, Kraton adalah salah satu daya tarik andalan Yogyakarta.
  2. Masjid Agung Kauman adalah salah satu masjid tertua di Yogyakarta. Masjid ini didirikan di Kauman, sebuah kawasan Islam di dekat kraton, dan sangat terkait dengan pendirian Yogyakarta pada 1756 dan kedatangan para pemimpin Muslim asing.
  3. Museum Kraton menampilkan banyak pameran dan tableaux yang mencerminkan suasana Kraton di masa lalu. Termasuk juga diorama berukuran nyata upacara pernikahan di istana, wayang kulit, dan set gamelan Jawa, serta barang antik dan pusaka dari istana. Pajangan ini menjadikan Kraton salah satu objek wisata paling menarik di Yogyakarta bagi wisatawan internasional.
  4. Istana Air Taman Sari adalah situs bekas taman kerajaan Kesultanan Yogyakarta. Terletak sekitar 2 km selatan di wilayah Kraton. Dibangun pada pertengahan abad ke-18, Taman Sari memiliki banyak fungsi, seperti area istirahat, workshop, area meditasi. Situs ini adalah objek wisata utama

MALIOBORO SHOPPING STREET (JALAN MALIOBORO)

Malioboro Shopping Street is a major shopping street in Yogyakarta. The name is also used more generally for the neighborhood around the street and it lies on a north-south axis in line between the Kraton and Mount Merapi. The street is the center of Yogyakarta's largest tourist district surrounded with many hotels, restaurants and shops. Sidewalks on both sides of the street are crowded with small stalls selling a variety of goods and oleh oleh (souvenirs). In the evening, several open-air street side restaurants, called ‘Lesehan’, operate alongside street musicians and painters.

FIGURE  16:  IMAGES  OF  THE  KRATON,  WATER  CASTLE  AND  MALIOBORO SHOPPING STREET

LOWER MALIOBORO

‘Lower Malioboro’ membentang ke selatan dari Malioboro Mall, melewati Pasar Beringharjo dan ke Alun-Alun Utara dan Kraton. Daerah ini berisi kelompok bangunan era kolonial yang paling signifikan di kota dan merupakan fokus utama kegiatan wisata. Aset utama Malioboro Bawah di selatan Pasar Beringharjo.

Di sekitar area ini terdapat sejumlah tempat wisata utama, yang meliputi:

  1. Museum Sonobudoyo. Museum ini dikhususkan untuk sejarah dan budaya Indonesia dan dianggap sebagai museum terbaik di Yogyakarta. Museum ini memiliki koleksi barang antic dan artefak yang sangat bagus meskipun informasi dan interpretasinya lemah.
  2. Benteng Vredeburg, situs garnisun kolonial Belanda dan tempat aksi besar selama perjuangan kemerdekaan. Benteng adalah salah satu atraksi paling populer di kota.
  3. Pasar Beringharjo, pasar tertua di Yogyakarta. Didirikan pada 1758, ia kembali ke bangunannya yang sekarang pada tahun 1925. Pasar ini populer di kalangan penduduk dan pengunjung.
  4. Kampung Ketandan: Terletak di sekitar Beringharjo, ini adalah Kawasan Tradisional Cina, daerah ramai di jalan-jalan sempit dan gang-gang yang dipenuhi deretan warung makan dan toko-toko kecil. Perayaan selama seminggu selama Tahun Baru Cina berlangsung di sini. 
  5. Bank Indonesia. Bangunan ini adalah salah satu contoh terbaik arsitektur kolonial Belanda di Indonesia. Markas lokal bank sentral setempat, pada awalnya merupakan cabang dari bank yang didirikan oleh Belanda yang beroperasi di Jawa. Bangunan megah dirancang oleh Marius Hulswit, dikirim oleh Belanda untuk mengawasi pembangunan beberapa bangunan kolonial. Terletak strategis di dekat Benteng Vredeburg, Kraton, dan Nol Kilometer Yogyakarta.
  6. Taman Pintar. Salah satu atraksi kota yang paling sering dikunjungi dan populer di kalangan anak-anak dan siswa, Taman Pintar Science Park, yang terletak di sebelah Benteng Vredeberg sangat sering dikunjungi di akhir pekan. Taman ini menampilkan beragam tampilan berbasis sains dan permainan interaktif serta food court yang besar.


SENI PERTUNJUKAN DAN WARISAN BUDAYA TAKBENDA


Yogyakarta dan daerah sekitarnya sangat kaya akan seni kreatif dan warisan budaya takbenda, termasuk musik gamelan, wayang kulit, tarian topeng, dan pembuatan tekstil, terutama batik, yang bentuknya paling canggih adalah batik tulis, atau batik tulis tangan. dan lurik (kain bergaris, sering kali masih tenunan tangan). Banyak dari bentuk seni dan kerajinan ini dipraktekkan atau diproduksi di daerah-daerah di seluruh Jawa Tengah dan DI Yogyakarta: misalnya, kota Klaten, sebuah kota di Jawa Tengah di tengah-tengah antara Yogya dan Solo, adalah pusat untuk tenun lurik dan di sana adalah tingkat aktivitas industri rumahan yang signifikan di wilayah tersebut.

Sejauh menyangkut kerajinan tangan, meskipun ada banyak yang berkualitas tinggi yang diproduksi di daerah tersebut, mayoritas yang dijual adalah versi murah dan berkualitas buruk, seperti yang tersedia di Jl. Warung-warung Malioboro dan di banyak bengkel lukis batik (sering dimuliakan sebagai 'pameran') di jalan-jalan belakang di sekitar kraton Yogyakarta, di mana desain yang identic tampaknya telah dijual setidaknya selama 40 tahun.

 
Lokasi utama toko-toko batik dan penjualan di TDA Yogyakarta

 Masyarakat di dan sekitar TDA Borobudur mengekspresikan sejarah dan budaya mereka melalui berbagai bentuk seni, termasuk:

  1. kuda lumping atau jaran kepang, di mana laki-laki dengan kostum petani tradisional berjingkrak di atas kuda-kuda yang ditenun dari bambu dan sering mengalami kesurupan.
  2. topeng ireng (juga disebut ndayakan), suatu bentuk tarian yang memadukan ajaran Islam dengan pencak silat, seni bela diri Indonesia yang populer.
  3. kubrosiswo, bentuk tarian lain yang terinspirasi oleh ajaran Islam yang terkadang melibatkan penari yang kesurupan ketika dirasuki oleh roh.
  4. warokan, tarian Jawa yang lebih tradisional yang mencakup pertarungan pura-pura, dengan peserta berpakaian seperti roh jahat dan kadang-kadang menari seperti kesurupan.

Kelompok tari dibentuk oleh laki-laki (dan sebagian kecil perempuan) dari beberapa desa, dan mereka sering berpartisipasi dalam 'Festival Lima Gunung' tahunan, yang dinamai menurut 5 gunung yang mengelilingi Dataran Kedu (Merapi, Merbabu, Sundoro, Sumbing, Andong) dan diadakan di desa-desa sekitar Magelang.

MOUNT MERAPI AND MOUNT MERBABU

Borobudur is located in an elevated area between two twin volcanoes, Sundoro-Sumbing and Merbabu-Merapi, and two rivers, the Progo and the Elo. According to local myth, the area known as Kedu Plain is a Javanese "sacred" place and has been dubbed "the garden of Java" thanks to its high agricultural fertility. Mount Merapi is the most active volcano in Indonesia and has erupted regularly since 1548. Adjacent to Mount Merapi is the dormant volcano of Mount Merbabu. Unlike other volcanos in Indonesia that are accessible and fit for welcoming visitors; due to the lack of infrastructure and the geographical configuration of the mountains themselves, these two are more difficult to access. As a result, the trekking tours to Mount Merapi and Mount Merbabu, together with rafting along Progo and Elo rivers are considered niche tourism products to target the adventurous visitors typically staying in Yogyakarta. It is believed that they do not offer potential to be developed into significant, and even less so mass tourism, attractions.

FIGURE Mount Merapi And Mount Merbabu



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